Male circumcision: global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability
World Health Organization, December 14, 2007
Also available on the WHO website.
Full Text (PDF): Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability
Summary:
“Male circumcision is one of the oldest and most common surgical procedures worldwide, and is undertaken for many reasons: religious, cultural, social and medical. There is conclusive evidence from observational data and three randomized controlled trials that circumcised men have a significantly lower risk of becoming infected with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV). Demand for safe, affordable male circumcision is expected to increase rapidly, and country-level decision-makers need information about the sociocultural and medical determinants of circumcision, as well as risks of the procedure, in the context of comprehensive HIV prevention programming.”